Expressions of Concern

Overview
An Expression of Concern may be issued when the Editorial Board has reason to believe that a published article may contain significant problems, but available evidence is insufficient to justify correction or retraction.
Examples Include
Unresolved allegations of research misconduct Ongoing institutional investigations Concerns regarding data reliability Possible ethical violations
Purpose
An Expression of Concern serves to inform readers while investigations remain ongoing.
Once the Investigation Concludes

The notice may be replaced by:

1
A correction
2
A retraction
3
Removal of the notice, if concerns are resolved